AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the validity, reliability and factor structure of the "How I Think" questionnaire to assess cognitive distortions in Iranian students. The present research design is descriptive and psychometric studies. The statistical population of this study included all male high school students in city Dezful in the academic year 1399-1400, from which 316 students were selected by multi-stage random sampling and completed the How I think and Bass and Perry Aggression Questionnaires (for Convergent validity). Factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha and Pearson correlation were used to analyze the data using SPSS and AMOS 20 software. The results of factor analysis showed that the questionnaire consists of six factors and has good fit indices. The convergent validity of this questionnaire indicated a satisfactory correlation between the dimensions of the scale "How I think" with the Aggression Questionnaire (p <0.01). Cronbach's alpha and Split- half coefficients for the whole scale and its dimensions ranged from 0.66 to 0.92.The conclusion is that the Persian version of the "How do I think" questionnaire for measuring cognitive distortions in Iranian students has acceptable psychometric properties and can be used as a valid tool in research, educational and clinical situations.

For a given measure space (X, B, m) we construct all measure spaces (Y, C, l) in which (X, B, m) is embeddable. The construction is modeled on the ultrafilter construction of the Stone-Cech compactification of a completely regular topological space.Under certain conditions the construction simplifies. Examples are given when this simplification occurs.

In this paper, we first of all define the distance measure entitled generalized Hausdorff distance between two trapezoidal generalized fuzzy numbers (TGFNs) that has been introduced by Chen [10]. Then using a other distance and combining with generalized Hausdorff distance, we define the similarity measure. The basic properties of the above mentioned similarity measure are proved in detail. Finally we rank two generalized fuzzy numbers using distance measure and similarity measure between them.

Tail risk analysis plays a central strategic role in risk management and focuses on the problem of risk measurement in the tail regions of extreme risks. As one crucial task in tail risk analysis for risk management, the measurement of tail risk Variability is less addressed in the literature. Neither the theoretical results nor inference methods are fully developed, which results in the difficulty of modeling implementation. Practitioners are then short of measurement methods to understand and evaluate tail risks, even when they have large amounts of valuable data in hand. In this paper, some nonparametric methods of estimation for the class of Variability measures among proportional hazards models based on progressively Type-II censored data are derived. We showed some properties of these estimators. Simulation studies have been performed to see the effectiveness of the proposed methods, and a real data set has been analyzed for illustrative purposes. Some well-known Variability measures, such as the Gini mean difference, the Wang right tail deviation and the cumulative residual entropy, are, up to a scale factor, in this class.